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several heartfelt exhortations, the tenor of   withdrawing  from  God,  unbelief  and
        which is this: “Let us go forth therefore   disobedience (3:7-4:11). Strong admoni-
        unto him without the camp, bearing his   tion is directed towards apathy, laziness
        reproach” (13:13).                    and lagging behind in spiritual develop-
          Each  exhortation  is  supported  by  a   ment, and a warning is issued against
        rich exposition of truth, demonstrable   falling alongside, whether by trespass,
        evidence and examples from the Old    erring or barrenness (5:11-6:8). Solemn
        Testament, and endearing words of en-  warnings are sounded against sinning wil-
        couragement. The combined force of each   fully, despising holy things and shrinking
        exhortation calls for unwavering affection   back from God (10:25-31). Finally, we are
        and unstinting devotion to God’s beloved   warned against despising the chastening
        Son, who loved us and gave Himself for   of the Lord (12:5), falling short of attaining
        us. It also calls for steadfast endurance   God’s grace through bitterness, immo-
        against giving up under sore trial and   rality and insensitivity to divine things
        chastisement. While the writer affection-  (12:15-16), and refusing to listen to the One
        ately empathises with the Hebrews’ per-  speaking from heaven (12:25).
        secution and suffering, he tackles the key   The warnings in Hebrews are as rel-
        obstacle to their progress in the Christian   evant for us today as for those to whom
        race – unbelief. They had not exercised   the letter was first addressed. God has
        faith. Consequently, they could not grasp   exercised infinite grace to redeem us from
        invisible, eternal and spiritual realities and   eternal judgment and to share with us
        were taken up with temporal and material   the righteous standing and glory of His
        things. Thus, an entire chapter is devoted   beloved Son. And since the redemption of
        to rekindling faith.                  our souls cost no less than the death of His
          Each exhortation is also supplemented   Son, if we continue to ignore His Word,
        with  an  earnest  warning.  Why?  The   persist in wilful disobedience and sin,
        consequences of not heeding the       or do not develop in grace as we ought,
        exhortations are real and may be felt here   God will not leave us alone without do-
        via God’s chastisement, or afterward at   ing something about it. Thus, He chastens
        the time of review by recompense and   us, not to discourage us but to develop
        reward. Either way, the implications are   Christ-like character and capacity that is
        solemn, perilous, and can have irreversible   fitting for future spheres of service in the
        outcomes. For these reasons, harsh and   kingdom.
        confronting terms are used  to warn     It is for this reason that the writer so
        and admonish the readers of the letter.   often emphasises the incomprehensible
        Nonetheless, they are issued with sincere,   privileges belonging to sons, and lays
        fervent affection and tender care, for   grave warnings upon dismissing the
        “whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and   associated responsibilities. Hence, the
        scourgeth every son whom he receiveth”   warnings are directed to our hearts so that
        (12:6).                               we do not forsake our privileges, but that
          We are warned against drifting from   we, “as obedient children” (1Pe 1:13-15),
        the Word and neglecting the full orb and   fulfil our obligations as sons of God who
        blessing of God’s salvation (2:1-3). We are   are “called ... unto his kingdom and glory”
        cautioned against hardening the heart,   (1Th 2:12).
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