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of sins, purified conscience and standing   ought (12:9-10), but with far superior
        (1:3; 2:11; 7:19; 9:9,14; 10:10,14,17-22), was   outcomes – “our profit,” “that we may
        secured at our salvation. But our ultimate   share his  holiness,”  and to  yield  “the
        perfection, or the future aspect of salvation   peaceful fruit of righteousness” (12:10-
        anticipated in 1:14, is yet to be realised   11 ESV). It may be for sin (ignorant or
        when the Church is “caught up” (1Th 4:14-  wilful), for which our Father desires to
        17). At this momentous event, our Lord   invoke self-examination, confession and
        and Saviour Jesus Christ “shall transform   obedience to His Word. It may be to test
        our body – humiliation into conformity to   our motives, prove our character, produce
        his body of glory” (Php 3:21 JND), and, as   more fruit or to strengthen us for greater
        sons  “called according to ... purpose,” we   responsibility. Ultimately, His purpose
            2
        shall be “conformed to the image of his   is to cultivate Christ-like character and
        Son” (Rom 8:28-29). OT saints will also   Spirit-led capacity for sonship’s elevated
        be “made perfect” (11:40; 12:23). They too   privileges and responsibilities – both now
        shall “awake with [his] likeness,” but not   and in His kingdom. The principle is suc-
        until after the tribulation, at the “resurrec-  cinctly expressed in 2 Timothy 3:16-17.
        tion of the just” when the Lord comes to   Chastening can be quite severe and
        earth in glory (Psa 17:15; 73:24; Luk 14:14).  painful, and infants are apt to despise it.
          Until then, God sovereignly arranges   Adult sons, mindful of God’s purpose in
        suffering in our lives to chasten us, to   chastening, will be exercised to endure
        make His “many sons” more like His    and submit to it, despite how harsh it may
        beloved Son. The Hebrews had “forgot-  seem. They will recognise chastening as
        ten,” as do we, “the exhortation which   preparatory training for the honour of
        speaketh” with us as with sons, “My son,   sharing in Christ’s kingdom administra-
        despise not thou the chastening of the   tion (Act 14:22; Rom 8:15-19; 2Ti 2:12).
        Lord, nor faint when thou art rebuked of
        him: For whom the Lord loveth he chas-  And  since  the  sceptre  of  the  Son,  the
        teneth, and scourgeth every son whom he   Prince of Peace, is “a sceptre of righteous-
        receiveth” (12:5-6, cited from Pro 3:11-12).     ness” (Heb 1:8), they will appreciate the
          The subject of chastening is timeless   Father’s desire for heirs of the kingdom
        truth (eg., Job 5:17; Deu 8:5; Rev 3:19).   to  be developed  in  righteousness and
        The NT word for “chastening” (paideia)   peace (12:11,14). Accordingly, we must
        comes from a root meaning “child” (pais)   not despise chastisement, but receive it as
        and carries the ideas of disciplinary cor-  coming from a loving Father who has the
        rection, rebuke and admonition, training   glory of His Son and “many sons” in view.
        and instruction. Chastisement is proof   Therefore, “lift up the hands which
        of God’s love for us and our immutable   hang down,” strengthen “the feeble
        relationship with Him (12:6-8). Moreover,   knees” and make “straight paths for [our]
        God chastens His sons as earthly fathers  feet” (12:12-13)! In citing Isaiah 35:3, we
                                              judge the writer would also have us “ex-
        2  The title “sons” implies relationship,   hort one another” (3:13; 10:25), just like
        responsibility and rights as heirs of God   he was doing (13:22), so that others who
        through “a spirit of adoption” (or sonship), and
        applies to both male and female believers (see   become despondent under chastening
        Rom 8:14-19; Gal 4:5-7).              don’t give up and go back.

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